Government Measures For Pollution
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| Government measure for pollution |
Urgent actions are required to help reduce air pollution in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities in the world, and restore various air parameters to levels safe for the health of its citizens and visitors. Here are few steps that can play an instrumental role in reducing air pollution in Delhi, which reached alarming levels of 485 AQI (air quality index), when the safe limit for humans is less than 100 AQI.
- Car pooling: Reduce traffic-based air pollution and congestion by starting car pool lanes for those cars and four wheelers that have three or more passengers to encourage people to go for car pooling. Meanwhile, citizens too should take initiative and car pool with friends, colleagues, family wherever possible.
- Use bicycles: Mark out bicycle lanes in residential colonies as well as on all roads in Delhi to encourage safe travel by bicycles. Meanwhile, citizens should also be encouraged to use bicycles.
- Public transport: Encourage greater use of public transport by supporting the Metro, overhead rail and bus services to make it convenient for people to travel by public transport affordably and safely instead of using their own vehicles. Citizens too must shed hang-ups over social status and try to travel by public transport proactively.
- More CNG vehicles: Encourage use of CNG in motor vehicles as it is a much cleaner fuel than petrol or diesel by considerably reducing the road tax and sales tax on CNG filled cars as compared to petrol and diesel four wheelers. Since there are at least 1,400 cars added to Delhi roads every day, all the cars should be restricted to using CNG only as all new petrol cars can be converted to CNG. Also, new registrations should be discouraged by enhancing registration charges.
- Fuel-efficient cars: Encourage more fuel efficient four wheelers with better mileage per litre through road tax and sales tax incentives in addition to CNG requirement. Citizens should opt for more efficient and smaller cars that can run on CNG as alternate fuel.
- Bigger trucks: Encourage six-axle trucks rather than the typical four-axle ones to increase the pay load per truck to reduce the number of trucks on roads. Trucks going to other destinations must not be allowed to pass through Delhi and only use the bypass
- Road signs: Improve the poor road signs so that people do not travel extra to locate their destinations. All the signs must be signposted at two or three places well before the turning rather than at the last minute.
- Maintenance of roads: Better maintain roads to complexes such as Nehru Place to reduce the time a four wheeler spends on plying on such poor roads.
- Shared taxis: The transport department should encourage shared taxi services by developing a taxi sharing website and set up taxi stands and cabs to offer reduced fares for shared service. This is other than the facilities Ola and Uber provide.
- Burning waste: Burning of leaves, old tyres or any items in the open should be made a punishable offence in NCR with a fine of Rs 10,000 per incident as this is a major cause of air pollution. Citizens should be asked to report such incidents to helpline numbers and emails.
- Solar power: Installation of solar panels should be encouraged at homes, multi-storey buildings and commercial establishments so that decentralised power is generated with suitable subsidies to make it financially viable for all households. The cost of solar panels has come down considerably. This should help retire all coal-based thermal power plants which are adding a lot to Delhi's air pollution problems and adversely effecting climate change. In fact, thermal power plants in Delhi-NCR should be stopped from functioning till the AQI level is under 200.
- Power backup: Inverters should be encouraged for back up supply and diesel generator sets should not be allowed to run in Delhi-NCR till the AQI level comes below 200.
- Dump sites: Landfills should be better managed by the government to ensure there are no fires there.
- RO-RO on roads: The present RO-RO (Roll-on-Roll-off) scheme launched by Indian Railways to carry loaded trucks on goods train to decongest Delhi roads and to reduce air pollution needs to be given a fill up and made compulsory for trucks which otherwise pass through Delhi.
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| Government initiatives to control air pollution |
Measures of Pollution
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| What Delhi can learn from Beijing |
Measures of Pollution
Being the capital, Delhi is watched closely for its severe air pollution every year during winters. While stubble burning in neighbouring states is blamed majorly, multiple studies have attempted to find solutions to the same. And now, India Today Data Intelligence Unit (DIU) has found that Delhi hardly had two days of good air in 2019.
AQI is considered to be good if it is below 50. From January 1 to November 5 this year, the Capital had only two such days when the AQI averaged below 50 for 24 hours. This was on August 17 and 18 when Delhi had an average AQI of 49 on both days.
But this is both good and bad. Good because Delhi didnt have a single good air day in 2018, and bad because the number of days with good air is extremely low.
On average, Delhi's AQI till November 4 is better than what it was last year.
AQI of Delhi from January 1 to November 4 this year was 195. The same figure for 2018 was 204. With a reduction of 9 points or 4 per cent for 2019, the average AQI has improved from poor to moderate.
A closer look at the statistics shows a significant decline in the number of days with poor and very poor air quality days.
The number of days the Capital inhaled poor quality air decreased from 102 in 2018 to 85 in 2019. Similarly the number of days with very poor quality air also fell from 39 to 34.
Thus, there was a reduction of 22 days with poor and very poor air quality
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| Air pollution |
Conclusion
While reviewing existing environmental regulation in India, the TSR Subramanian Committee bluntly notes that the legislations are weak, monitoring is weaker, and enforcement is weakest. In this paper, we assert the need for greater investments in monitoring that yields reliable data, taking advantage of advances in technology and reduced costs of monitoring equipment, and considering the incentives of third party agencies tasked with the monitoring.
We argue that compliance and hence enforcement may improve if regulations are designed in a manner that is compatible with the incentives of the regulated entities. We also make the case that market based instruments, like congestion pricing or cap-and-trade, offer the potential of a rare win-win in that they can reduce compliance costs and reduce pollution allowing for urgent improvements in health.
This is because these regulatory mechanisms seek to reduce to a minimum the costs of cutting total emissions into the ambient. As such, they seem particularly well suited to bridge Indias perceived conflict between improving environmental performance whilst maintaining robust levels of economic growth.
Finally, regardless of the type of regulation, it is essential that new interventions need to be piloted and rigorously tested.
References
- India today survey on Delhi air pollution
- Environmental studies
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